Two-cycle engine



Aug. 11, 1936. R. DAUB I `TWO-CYCLE ENGINE Filed April 19,- 1953?, :5 Sheets-sheet 1 NN Nm.

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'2s claims.

This invention relates to two-cycle internal combustion engines of the unifiow type and more particularly to engines in which pistons control both the intake and exhaust ports.

Considerable development has been made in two-cycle radial engines employing U-type cylinders parallely arranged in line with the crankshaft, wherein one leg of the U contains the intake and the other the `exhaust ports. While the U-cylinders so arranged result in compactness and low frontal area,the scavenging system is very inefilcient for high output requirements. It is well known that U-type cylinders cannot be used eiciently in high compression engines as for example those operating on 'the Diesel cycle due to the necessarily small combustion chamber which restricts and chokes' the flow between cylinders.

It is further well known that for high output per cubic inch displacement, the two-stroke cycle engine vof the opposed cylinder type and of straight-thru scavenging is far superior to all other types of two or four cycle engines. For inherent lightness, compactness, low manufacturing cost and good accessibility, especially as used in aviation, the radial engine is superior.

Another disadvantage of the U-type cylinder using one leg for intake and the other for exhaust is that the diameter of the piston operating in the exhaust leg is limited due to heat dissipationrequirements, which results in a relatively high frontal area to cylinder displacement ratio.

One 'Offthe main objects of the invention is to provide a simple and emcient multicylinder powerunit of the piston controlled straightthru scavenging type, wherein all of the pistons may operate from a single crankshaft.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radial engine comprising power units of the piston controlled and straight-thru scaveng- A further object is to provide a radial engine of high output comprising power units of the type described, said engine having a small outside diameter and low frontal area.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radial engine of great structural soundness and simplicity and being substantially'void of -protuberancea y A still further object of the invention is to provide a compact power unit having a combustion chamber common to two U-shape cylinders wherein all the pistons are operable from a single crankshaft.

(Cl. 12S- 53) of this character wherein the exhaust con- I6 trolling pistons are relieved of side thrust.

In the drawings, there is illustrated two forms of my invention by way of example and it is to be understood that various changes and additions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a power unit constructed in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line 3-3 of Fig. l.

is a transverse section on the line 2B Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view of a 30 radial engine constructed with the power units of Fig. 1.

Figure 5 is a front view of the engine shown in Fig. 4 with the front crankcase removed and some of the parts shown in section.

35 Figure 6 is a transverse section taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 4, with the pistons removed.

Figure 'I is a transverse section taken on the line I-l of Fig. 4.

Figure 8 is a section taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 4.

Figure 9 is a section taken on the line of Fig. 4.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, a cylinder block I0 is provided with a pair of cylinder bores I2 and I4 which are spaced apart to provide a crosshead bore II therebetween. A cross head I3 is adapted to reciprocate in the cross head bore and intake pistons I6 and 'I8 are adapted to reciprocate in bores I2 rand I4 respectively.

A crankshaft -I9 is provided with three throws 20, 2l and 22. The throws 20 and 22 are adapted to operate the'intake pistons I6 and I8 respectively by means of connecting rods 24 and 26. The ciosshead I3 is adapted `to be yoperated by the crank throw 2| as by means of a connecting rod 23. A combustion chamber c is arranged to communicate with the upper end of the intake piston. 40 to the beam 30.

bores |2 and |4 and it will be noted that the intake cylinder bores and the combustion chamber constitute an inverted U-cylinder arrangement.

Secured to the open end of the cylinder block I at the top thereof is a cylinder head 28 having a pair of cylinder. bores 29 and 3|. Adapted to reciprocate in said head are a pair of exhaust pistons 33 and 35, which are connected together by a beam 30. It will be noted that the exhaust bores and the combustion chamber also form a U-cylinder arrangement. The bridges of both the intake and exhaust U-type cylinders are commonly provided by the combustion chamber. A pair of tie rods 32 are adapted to connect the exhaust pistonsto the crosshead, which construction results in relieving the exhaust pistons of all side thrust which materially reduces the lubricating problems. All cylinder bores are preferably parallel and coplanal. The motion of the exhaust and intake pistons relative to each other are substantially opposed.

.Intake ports 36 and 38 substantially surround the intake cylinders and exhaust ports 31 and 39 substantially surround the exhaust cylinders. The movement ofthe pistons in their respective bores are adapted to control the ports in the respective cylinders. Both the intake and exhaust ports are arranged to open substantially at the same time but itispreferred to open and effected by phasing the crank throw 2| with respect to the throws 20 and 22 correspondingly.

It is to be understood that more than one pistonmay be substituted for any one of the exhaust pistons 33 and 35 in order to reduce the piston head area without sacricing piston circumference and thereby maintain a relative large port capacity.

A simple and eiicient pump may be provided as seen in Figures 1, 2 and 3 by securing a disc y A pump casing may be integrally formed with the cylinder head as at 4|. Automatic flap valves 42 and 42a may besuitably arranged, to respectively control the intake and exhaustof air. Conduits 43h and 43 cooperating respectively with the valves 42 and 42a are arranged to direct the charge and discharge of the pump. The air pumped on both strokes of the piston 40 isl discharged into the conduits 43 which communicate with the inlet ports 36 and 38 of the cylinders |2 and |4.

Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, which illustrate the adaption of the invention in a radial form, using master and articulated connecting rods. A crankcasel 50 is provided, to which is suitably secured a plurality of power units which are similar to that previously described in connection with Fig. 1, with the exception of the omission of the pump arrangement. The axis of the crankshaft is indicated as at a and the exhaust crank throw 2| is shown phased with the crank throws and 22 as indicated by the angle X. Master rods 52 and 53 of the intake pistons are arranged .oppositely to comprise unequal intake port timing due to articulated rod motion as well as to assist in balancing.

As seen in Fig. 4, intake openings 54 are pro-4 vided in the cylinder casings which may be connected to blower 55 by any suitable means (not shown).

Referring to the combustion chamber C the a preferred shape thereof is illustrated in Fig. 8, which substantially comprises two cups 60 and 6| joined by a throat 63. The cup 60 overlies the intake cylinder |2 and the cup 6| overlies the intake cylinder I4. As seen in plan (Figure 8) the cups are offset with respect to their cylini ders, i. e., the center distance between the cups is materially less than the center distance between cylinders. Each cup and its respective underlying cylinder are so related that they are substantially tangent at one point or in other Words the cylinder and its respective overlying cup are substantially tangent as seen in Figure 8. The cups are preferably smaller in diameter than the intake cylinder. This arrangement of offsetting a cup of the combustion chamber with respect to its underlying cylinder assists the charge in maintaining orderly rotational turbulence in passing from the larger intake cylinder into the smaller cup of the combustion chamber, as distinguished from a centrally located combustion chamber.

This tangential oisetting plus the relative difference in diameters results not only in orderly turbulence but also effects an increase in the cycle with vthe combustion chamber used as av direct injection chamber by injecting oil into both cups simultaneously or as a precombustion chamber by injecting the ventire oil charge into one cup.

Under all load conditions the orderly turbulence is maintained in the cups which improves the combustion in both oil and gasoline engines. In .the oil engine the highly heated air in the combustion chamber is forced orderly and swiftly past the fuel spray, which accomplishes complete intermixture in a very short period. In the gasoline engine the orderly rotation 4of the mixture forces the cooler and richer part thereof to the periphery of the combustion chamber past.

the spark plug, while the hotter and poorer .portion of the mixture is held in the center. The engine can also be operated with both cups forming combustion chambers independent of each other, if such an arrangement is desired, with equal emciency in regard to turbulence and stratification.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:- y p 1. An internal combustion engine having a power unit comprising two U-type cylinders communicating in a common combustion chamber, said U-type cylinders being opposed to each other, on opposite sides of the combustion chamber, one of said U-type cylinders comprising a pair of exhaust cylinders and the other of said U-type cylinders comprising a pair of intake cylinders.

inders communicating with said combustion chamber, each of said cylinders adapted to be substantially within the projected connes of one of the U-type cylinders.

4. An internal combustion engine having a power unit comprising a pair of opposed cylinders, pistons in the cylinders, a combustion chamber commonly communicative with each of the opposed cylinders, said opposed cylinders being arranged in parallel, and means rigidly joining two of the pistons whereby they move together.

5. An internal combustion engine having a power unit comprising an H-type cylinder arrangement, the combustion chamber forming the horizontal portion and thecylinders the vertical portions of the H, each of the vertical portions of the H on one side of the combustion chamber being substantially within the projected connes of the respective legs of the other vertical portions.

6. An internal combustion engine having a power unit comprising a plurality of communieating opposed cylinders, pistons in said cylinders, separate operating means for each of a plurality of corresponding pistons in corresponding cylinders and a single operating means for the remaining pistons.

7. An internal combustion engine having a power unit comprising a single combustion chamber, a crankshaft and a plurality of corresponding pistons adapted to move toward, and a plurality of corresponding pistons adapted to move in unison, away from the crankshaft during the expansion stroke, separate operating means for each of the pistons, means adapted to work in unison and adapted to move toward the crankshaft, and a single operating means working in phased relation with the other operating means for the pistons adapted to move away from the crankshaft during the expansion stroke.

8. An internal combustion engine comprising a power unit having a Vcylinder block, a cylinder head, a combustion chamber between said block and head, a plurality of corresponding valve controlling pistons in the head adapted to move in unison and a plurality of valve controlling pistons in the block, all of said pistons commonly communicative in the combustion chamber, a. single operating means for the pistons in the head, disposed between said pistons in the block.;

9. An internal combustion engine comprising a power unit having a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a plurality of corresponding valve controlling pistons adapted to move in unison in the head, a plurality of valve controlling pistons in the block, a single operating means for the pistons in the head, disposed between said pls- -tons in the mock.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a power unit comprising a plurality of corresponding intake controlling pistons and a plurality of corresponding exhaust controlling pistons adapted to move in unison, and a single operating means for said last mentioned piston means.

` 11. In an internalrcombustion engine, a power unit having a combustion chamber, a block. a head, a plurality of pistons in the block, a plurality of corresponding pistons adapted to move in unison in the head, separate operating means for the pistons in the block, and a single operating means for the pistons in the head, all of 1 said pistons commonly communicative with the combustion chamber.

y the intake ports. 1

said combustion chamber, a. plurality of intake cylinders on one sideof the combustion cham- 5 ber and a plurality of exhaust cylinders on the other side of said combustion chamber, both sets of cylinders arranged in substantially parallel alignment.

13. An internal combustion engine having a 10 single crankshaft, a plurality of power units each comprising a pair of U-type cylinders arranged radiallyaround said crankshaft, the legs of one of said U-type cylinders being arrangedA in opposed relationship to the legs of the U-type 15 cylinders.

14. A radial engine comprising a plurality of power units, each unit having a plurality of intake and exhaust cylinders, all of said exhaust cylinders being arranged radially remote of said 20 intake cylinders, and in opposed relationship to the intake cylinders. y

15. A radial engine having a single crankshaft, a plurality of opposed cylinder type power units arranged around the crankshaft, each of said power units comprising a plurality of opposed cylinders.

16. A radial engine having a single bank of power units, each power unit comprising a plurality of U-type cylinders having a common 30 combustion chamber, the legs of said cylinders being arranged in opposed relationship.

17. A radial engine having a single bank of vpower units comprising two banks of opposed cy 1, inders, pistons in said cylinders, a single bank of operating means for pistons in one group of corresponding cylinders, and separateoperating means for the pistons in the other group of corresponding cylinders in separate banks, the opposed cylinders in each power unit being commonly communicative with a single combustion chamber.

18. A 'radial engine having a singlel bank of power units, two banks of opposed cylinders, pistons in said cylinders comprising groups of corresponding moving pistons, ay single bank of operating means for one group of correspondingly moving pistonsr and a separate bank of operating means for each bank ofl the other group of the correspondingly Vmoving pistons.

19. An internal combustion engine having a power 'unit comprising a crankshaft, a plurality of corresponding pistons adapted to move in unison, toward, and a plurality of corresponding pistons adapted to move in unison, away from the crankshaft during the expansion stroke, the `pistons adapted to move away, substantially overlying the other pistons.

20. A radial engine having a crankshaft, a plurality of power units arranged radially 60 around the crankshaft, each of said power units including a plurality of opposed cylinders communicating with a single combustion chamber.

2l. A radial engine having a single crankshaft, and a plurality of opposed cylinder type power units, each power unit comprising a pluralityI of opposed cylinders, said opposed cylinders having intake and exhaust ports, said exhaust ports being arranged radially remote of 22. A radial engine having a single bank of power units. said power units -comprising two banks of opposed cylinders.

23. An internal combustion engine having in ,A

combination. a crankshaft having three throws.

two intake cylinders, a plurality of exhaust cylinders, a common combustion chamber for all of thecylinders, pistons in the cylinders, means cooperative with the pistons in the intake cylinders connected to the outer throws of the crankshaft, and means cooperative with the pistons in the exhaust cylinders connected to the middle throw of the crankshaft, said exhaust cylinders being disposed on the side of the combustion chamber remote of the crankshaft.

24. A radial internal combustion engine having in combination, a single three throw crankshaft, a crankcase, a plurality of power units on the crankcase arranged radially around the crankshaft, each unit comprising two intake cylinders, a plurality of exhaust cylinders, a combustion chamber for all of the cylinders,

pistons in the cylinders, means cooperative with the pistons in the intake cylinders connected to the outer throws of the crankshaft, and means cooperative with the pistons in the exhaust cylinders connected to the middle throw of the crankshaft, said exhaust cylinders being disposed radially remote of the intake cylinders.

25. An internal combustion engine having a power unit comprising a plurality of communicating opposed cylinders, a single operating means for a plurality of corresponding 4pistons adapted to move together at all times in corresponding cylinders, and separate operating means for corresponding pistons moving substantially together in the remaining and crorresponding cylinders.

RUDOLPH DAUB. 

